An empirical formula for interconnect lifetime under electromigration in terms of current density and temperature. Lifetime is inversely proportional to a power of current density and falls exponentially as temperature rises.
Field: Interconnect processes
Black's equation gives mean time to failure as MTTF = A·J⁻ⁿ·exp(Ea/kT): inversely proportional to current density J to the power n (about 2) and exponentially shorter at higher temperature.
In Black's equation for wire lifetime under electromigratio…Black's equation concerns electromigration, and Preston's equation concerns CMP removal rate.
Which equation is used to determine film stress from the ch…Electromigration MTTF (mean time to failure) Preston's equation CMP Air gap Backside power delivery Barrier metal Crosstalk Damascene process Dual damascene