I/O Interfaces & Buses

What is a characteristic of AXI4-Stream?

  1. AIt is for random reads and writes at specified memory addresses
  2. BIt has no addresses and is meant for continuously streaming data in one direction, suiting video and signal-processing pipelines
  3. CIt is a connector standard for external displays
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Answer: B. It has no addresses and is meant for continuously streaming data in one direction, suiting video and signal-processing pipelines

Circuits where data flows from stage to stage, such as video filters or communication signal processing, need no addresses. AXI4-Stream carries just data with the VALID/READY handshake, plus signals such as one marking the end of a packet, so data can flow continuously in one direction. It is also widely used in FPGA designs to connect processing blocks.

  • A. Addressed access is what AXI and AXI4-Lite do.
  • B. Correct. Only data passes, with VALID and READY.
  • C. It is an on-chip specification.
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  2. Which describes CXL (Compute Express Link)?
  3. What is an advantage of memory expansion using CXL (CXL memory)?
  4. Which correctly lists the three protocols that make up CXL?
  5. What is the role of equalizers (such as CTLE and DFE) in high-speed serial receivers?