Which of the following problems is addressed mainly by SOTIF (ISO 21448, Safety of the Intended Functionality) rather than ISO 26262 (functional safety)?

Answer: C. A camera that has not failed cannot recognize a pedestrian ahead due to strong backlight, and automatic emergency braking does not activate

SOTIF addresses hazards that arise even when no component has failed, from sensor performance limitations, insufficient recognition algorithms, inadequate specifications, foreseeable misuse and the like. Failing to recognize a pedestrian in backlight is a problem caused not by a failure but by a functional limitation, so it falls under SOTIF. Failure due to component degradation is a random hardware failure and a software error is a systematic failure; both are handled by ISO 26262. In SOTIF, testing and simulation are used to reduce unknown hazardous scenarios.