Power semiconductors

In an ideal step-down chopper (buck converter) with an input voltage of 12 V and a switch duty cycle of 0.25, what is the output voltage?

  1. A3 V
  2. B9 V
  3. C48 V
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Answer: A. 3 V

The output voltage of an ideal buck converter is input voltage × duty cycle: 12 V × 0.25 = 3 V. The output voltage is adjusted by changing the fraction of time the switch is on.

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