System Architecture and Reliability

Which is an example of a design based on the fool-proof concept?

  1. AWriting important data to two disks at the same time
  2. BInspecting and replacing parts regularly to reduce the occurrence of failures
  3. CMaking a connector's shape asymmetric so that it cannot be inserted the wrong way round
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Answer: C. Making a connector's shape asymmetric so that it cannot be inserted the wrong way round

Fool-proofing is the design concept of ensuring that incorrect human operation does not lead to a hazardous state or malfunction, or that incorrect operation is not possible in the first place. A connector shaped so that it cannot be inserted the wrong way round is a typical example that physically prevents a wrong connection. Writing data to two disks is fault tolerance through redundancy, and reducing failures through regular inspection and replacement is the fault-avoidance concept.

  • A. This is fault tolerance, keeping the function despite failures through redundancy.
  • B. This is fault avoidance, making failures themselves less likely.
  • C. Correct. The shape prevents connecting it the wrong way round.
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  5. In a RAID 10 array of four disks (two mirrored pairs, striped across the two pairs), two of the four disks fail at the same time. If every pair of disks is equally likely to be the one that fails, which is the probability that data is lost?