Analog and electronic circuits

Which correctly describes a Butterworth low-pass filter?

  1. AIts passband gain is as flat as possible (maximally flat)
  2. BIt has ripple in the passband and a steep cutoff
  3. CIt has constant group delay and the least waveform distortion
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Answer: A. Its passband gain is as flat as possible (maximally flat)

A Butterworth response is designed to make the passband gain as flat as possible and is also called maximally flat. A response that allows passband ripple for a steeper cutoff is the Chebyshev response, and one that emphasizes flat group delay is the Bessel response.

  • A. Correct. Its passband is maximally flat.
  • B. Passband ripple characterizes the Chebyshev response.
  • C. Emphasis on flat group delay characterizes the Bessel response.
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  2. Which combination correctly describes an ideal op-amp?
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  4. Which is closest to the cutoff frequency of an RC low-pass filter with R = 1 kΩ and C = 1 µF?
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