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What is VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)?

A protocol that makes the default gateway redundant: several routers share a virtual IP address and virtual MAC address, the master router normally forwards traffic, and a backup router takes over if the master fails. Hosts that use the virtual IP address as their default gateway need no change when the routers switch over. Mechanisms with the same purpose are collectively called FHRPs.

Japanese name: VRRP

VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) appears in 1 practice question across 1 topic, including Network Design and Operations.

Field: Network Design and Operations

Try it: questions about VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)

Two routers, R1 (192.168.1.2) and R2 (192.168.1.3), are configured with VRRP using the virtual IP address 192.168.1.254. Normally R1 forwards traffic as the master. Which address should be set as the default gateway on the LAN hosts?

  1. A192.168.1.2 (R1's address)
  2. B192.168.1.3 (R2's address)
  3. C192.168.1.254 (the virtual IP address)
Show answer and explanation

Answer: C. 192.168.1.254 (the virtual IP address)

VRRP lets several routers form one virtual router that shares a virtual IP address and a virtual MAC address. Normally the master router forwards packets sent to the virtual address, and if the master fails, a backup router becomes the master and takes over forwarding. If hosts use the virtual IP address as their default gateway, they need no change whichever router is running. Mechanisms like this that make the default gateway redundant are collectively called FHRPs, and besides VRRP they include HSRP and others.

VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) in the explanations

Questions that mention VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) (1)

  1. Two routers, R1 (192.168.1.2) and R2 (192.168.1.3), are configured with VRRP using the virtual IP address 192.168.1.254. Normally R1 forwards traffic as the master. Which address should be set as the default gateway on the LAN hosts?

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Related terms

Router IP address Default gateway LAN (local area network) MAC address Packet ACL (access control list) Administrative distance BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Broadcast domain

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