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Which is a correct advantage of pluggable optical transceivers inserted into a switch's front panel?

  1. ATheir electrical path to the switch IC is the shortest, giving lower power per bit than CPO
  2. BA failure can be fixed by replacing a single module, and types can be chosen to suit the application, such as reach
  3. CBecause the optical components are in the same package as the switch IC, heat dissipation need not be considered
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Answer: B. A failure can be fixed by replacing a single module, and types can be chosen to suit the application, such as reach

A pluggable optical transceiver combines the components for electrical-optical conversion into a single module that can be inserted and removed while the equipment is running. A failed module can be replaced individually, modules can be chosen to suit the application—from multimode types for tens of m to single-mode types for several km or more—and products from different vendors are easy to mix. On the other hand, the board trace from the switch IC to the front panel is long, from a dozen or so to several tens of cm, and the power of circuits compensating for the loss increases with speed. CPO aims to shorten this trace and reduce power.

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More Silicon photonics questions

  1. Which is a correct challenge of CPO (Co-Packaged Optics), which mounts the optical transmit/receive components in the same package as the switch IC?
  2. In CPO, an external laser source—placing the laser outside the switch IC package and supplying only light via fiber—is often considered. What is the main reason?
  3. Which correctly describes the concept of "linear drive" (called linear pluggable optics, LPO, etc.) in optical transceivers?
  4. Which is a correct challenge of linear-drive optical transceivers without a DSP?
  5. When PAM4 is used with the intensity modulation/direct detection (IM-DD) scheme widely used for optical links within data centers, what is varied among four values?