Performance Analysis

Why is SSD performance often stated not only as sequential read bandwidth (MB/s) but also as 4 KB random-read IOPS (I/O operations per second)?

  1. AIOPS expresses SSD capacity
  2. BSSDs cannot perform sequential reads
  3. CWorkloads such as databases and operating systems issue huge numbers of small reads and writes to scattered locations, so operation count determines performance
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Answer: C. Workloads such as databases and operating systems issue huge numbers of small reads and writes to scattered locations, so operation count determines performance

Reading large files such as videos is governed by sequential bandwidth. Databases and operating systems, however, read and write huge numbers of small, roughly 4 KB pieces scattered across the drive. Here per-operation latency and how many requests can be served concurrently matter, and bandwidth figures alone cannot judge performance. The same SSD can feel very different depending on the workload.

  • A. It is operations per second, not capacity.
  • B. SSDs can read sequentially.
  • C. Correct. Comparisons must use metrics suited to the workload.
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More Performance Analysis questions

  1. Measuring per-element time for repeatedly reading an array while gradually growing its size shows time rising in steps at certain sizes. Why?
  2. Which is the basic formula for a program's CPU execution time?
  3. A program executing 1 billion instructions runs on a CPU with average CPI 2 and clock frequency 2 GHz. What is the execution time?
  4. A CPU design change raises clock frequency 1.5× but also raises CPI 1.2× (instruction count unchanged). How many times faster is execution?
  5. A new compiler optimization reduces executed instructions by 20% but increases average CPI by 10% (frequency unchanged). What is its effect?