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A Kubernetes HorizontalPodAutoscaler has a target CPU utilization of 70% and a range of 1 to 10 Pods. Currently the average CPU utilization of 5 Pods is 30%. When the required number of Pods is computed as ⌈current number × current utilization ÷ target utilization⌉ (⌈ ⌉ means rounding up), which of the following is the required number of Pods?

  1. A2
  2. B3
  3. C12
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Answer: B. 3

A HorizontalPodAutoscaler determines the number of Pods as required number = ⌈current number × current utilization ÷ target utilization⌉. 5 × 30 ÷ 70 = 2.14…, which rounds up to 3. The same formula reduces the number when load falls (scale-in), and the result is kept within the specified range (1 to 10). In practice, a tolerance band leaves the number unchanged when the utilization ratio is close to 1, and a waiting period observes the load for a while before scaling in, so the number of Pods does not change too often.

  • A. This rounds 2.14… down. With 2 Pods the utilization per Pod would be 30 × 5 ÷ 2 = 75%, above the 70% target, so the value is rounded up.
  • B. Correct. 5 × 30 ÷ 70 = 2.14…, rounded up to 3.
  • C. This swaps the target and current utilization (5 × 70 ÷ 30 = 11.7…, rounded up). The utilization is below the target, so the number of Pods goes down.
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  1. In a Deployment whose Pod containers have the settings above, four Pods are running, each using 400m (0.4 cores) of CPU. The HorizontalPodAutoscaler's target CPU utilization is 60%, and the required number of Pods is computed as ⌈current number × current utilization ÷ target utilization⌉. Which of the following is the required number of Pods?
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